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setkey
Manually manipulates the IPsec SA/SP database.
The setkey utility adds, updates, dumps, or flushes Security Association Database (SAD) entries as well as Security Policy Database (SPD) entries in the kernel.
The setkey utility takes a series of operations from the standard input (if invoked with -c) or the file named filename (if invoked with -f filename).
setkey [-v] -c setkey [-v] -f filename setkey [-aPlv] -D setkey [-Pv] -F setkey [-h] -x
-a
-D. If with -a, the dead SAD entries will be displayed as well. A dead SAD entry means that it has been expired but remains in the system because it is referenced by some SPD entries.
-D
-P, the SPD entries are dumped.
-F
-P, the SPD entries are flushed.
-h
-x mode.
-l
-D.
-v
-x
-xx makes each timestamps unformatted. With -c or -f on the command line, setkey accepts the following configuration syntax. Lines starting with hash signs (`#') are treated as comment lines.
add [-46n] src dst protocol spi [extensions] algorithm ... ;
get [-46n] src dst protocol spi ;
delete [-46n] src dst protocol spi ;
deleteall [-46n] src dst protocol ;
flush [protocol] ;
-F on the command line achieves the same functionality.
dump [protocol] ;
-D on the command line achieves the same functionality.
spdadd [-46n] src_range dst_range upperspec policy ;
spddelete [-46n] src_range dst_range upperspec -P direction ;
spdflush ;
-FP on the command line achieves the same functionality.
spddump ;
Meta-arguments are as follows:
src, dst
-n restricts the address resolution of FQDN in certain ways. -4 and -6 restrict results into IPv4/v6 addresses only, respectively. -n avoids FQDN resolution and requires addresses to be numeric addresses.
protocol
ah |
AH based on rfc2402 |
ah-old |
AH based on rfc1826 |
esp |
ESP based on rfc2406 |
esp-old |
ESP based on rfc1827 |
ipcomp |
IPComp |
tcp |
TCP-MD5 based on rfc2385 |
spi
spi must be a decimal number, or a hexadecimal number with `0x' prefix. SPI values between 0 and 255 are reserved for future use by IANA and they cannot be used. TCP-MD5 associations must use 0x1000 and therefore only have per-host granularity at this time.
extensions
-f nocyclic-seq |
Do not allow cyclic sequence number. | ||||||
-f pad_option |
Defines the content of the ESP padding. pad_option is one of following:
| ||||||
-lh time |
Specify hard/soft life time duration of the SA. | ||||||
-m mode |
Specify a security protocol mode for use. mode is one of following: transport, tunnel or any. The default value is any. | ||||||
-r size |
Specify window size of bytes for replay prevention. size must be decimal number in 32-bit word. If size is zero or not specified, replay check does not take place. | ||||||
-u id |
Specify the identifier of the policy entry in SPD. See policy. |
algorithm
-A aalgo key |
Specify an authentication algorithm for AH. |
-C calgo [-R] |
Specify a compression algorithm for IPComp. If -R is specified, the spi field value will be used as the IPComp CPI (compression parameter index) on wire as is. If -R is not specified, the kernel will use well-known CPI on wire, and spi field will be used only as an index for kernel internal usage. |
-E ealgo key |
Specify an encryption algorithm ealgo for ESP. |
-E ealgo key -A aalgo key |
Specify a encryption algorithm ealgo, as well as a payload authentication algorithm aalgo, for ESP. |
The key must be double-quoted character string, or a series of hexadecimal digits preceded by `0x'.
Possible values for ealgo, aalgo and calgo are specified in separate section.
src_range
dst_range
address address/prefixlen address[port] address/prefixlen[port]
prefixlen and port must be a decimal number. The square brackets around port are necessary and are not manpage metacharacters. For FQDN resolution, the rules applicable to src and dst apply here as well.
upperspec
upperspec. A type and code related to ICMPv6 may also be specified as an upperspec. The type is specified first, followed by a comma and then the relevant code. The specification must be placed after icmp6. The kernel considers a zero to be a wildcard but cannot distinguish between a wildcard and an ICMPv6 type which is zero. The following example shows a policy where IPSec is not required for inbound Neighbor Solicitations:spdadd ::/0 ::/0 icmp6 135,0 -P in none;
Note: upperspec does not work in the forwarding case at this moment, as it requires extra reassembly at forwarding node, which is not implemented at this moment. Although there are many protocols in /etc/protocols, protocols other than TCP, UDP and ICMP may not be suitable to use with IPsec.
policy
-P direction discard -P direction none -P direction ipsec protocol/mode/src-dst/level [...]
The direction of a policy must be specified as one of: out, in, discard, none, or ipsec. The discard direction means that packets matching the supplied indices will be discarded while none means that IPsec operations will not take place on the packet and ipsec means that IPsec operation will take place onto the packet. The protocol/mode/src-dst/level statement gives the rule for how to process the packet. The protocol is specified as ah, esp or ipcomp The mode is either transport or tunnel. If mode is tunnel, you must specify the end-point addresses of the SA as src and dst with a dash, `-', between the addresses. If mode is transport, both src and dst can be omitted. The level is one of the following: default, use, require or unique. If the SA is not available in every level, the kernel will request the SA from the key exchange daemon. A value of default tells the kernel to use the system wide default protocol e.g. the one from the esp_trans_deflev sysctl variable, when the kernel processes the packet. A value of use means that the kernel will use an SA if it is available, otherwise the kernel will pass the packet as it would normally. A value of require means that an SA is required whenever the kernel sends a packet matched that matches the policy. The unique level is the same as require but, in addition, it allows the policy to bind with the unique out-bound SA. For example, if you specify the policy level unique, racoon(8) will configure the SA for the policy. If you configure the SA by manual keying for that policy, you can put the decimal number as the policy identifier after unique separated by colon `:' as in the following example: unique:number. In order to bind this policy to the SA, number must be between 1 and 32767, which corresponds to extensions -u of manual SA configuration.
When you want to use an SA bundle, you can define multiple rules. For example, if an IP header was followed by an AH header followed by an ESP header followed by an upper layer protocol header, the rule would be:
esp/transport//require ah/transport//require;
The rule order is very important.
Note that ``discard'' and ``none'' are not in the syntax described in ipsec_set_policy(3). There are small, but important, differences in the syntax. See ipsec_set_policy(3) for details.
The following list shows the supported algorithms. The protocol and algorithm are almost completely orthogonal. The following list of authentication algorithms can be used as aalgo in the -A aalgo of the protocol parameter:
algorithm keylen (bits)comment
hmac-md5 128 ah: rfc2403
128 ah-old: rfc2085
hmac-sha1 160 ah: rfc2404
160 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
keyed-md5 128 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
128 ah-old: rfc1828
keyed-sha1 160 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
160 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
null 0 to 2048 for debugging
hmac-sha2-256 256 ah: 96bit ICV
(draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-sha-256-00)
256 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
hmac-sha2-384 384 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
384 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
hmac-sha2-512 512 ah: 96bit ICV (no document)
512 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
hmac-ripemd160 160 ah: 96bit ICV (RFC2857)
ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
aes-xcbc-mac 128 ah: 96bit ICV (RFC3566)
128 ah-old: 128bit ICV (no document)
tcp-md5 8 to 640 tcp: rfc2385
The following is the list of encryption algorithms that can be used as the ealgo in the -E ealgo of the protocol parameter:
algorithm keylen (bits)comment des-cbc 64 esp-old: rfc1829, esp: rfc2405 3des-cbc 192 rfc2451 null 0 to 2048 rfc2410 blowfish-cbc 40 to 448 rfc2451 cast128-cbc 40 to 128 rfc2451 des-deriv 64 ipsec-ciph-des-derived-01 3des-deriv 192 no document rijndael-cbc 128/192/256 rfc3602 aes-ctr 160/224/288 draft-ietf-ipsec-ciph-aes-ctr-03 camllia-cbc 128/192/256 rfc4312
Note that the first 128/192/256 bits of a key for aes-ctr will be used as AES key, and remaining 32 bits will be used as nonce.
The following are the list of compression algorithms that can be used as the calgo in the -C calgo of the protocol parameter:
algorithm comment deflate rfc2394
The setkey utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
Add an ESP SA between two IPv6 addresses using the des-cbc encryption algorithm.
add 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 esp 123457
-E des-cbc 0x3ffe05014819ffff ;
Add an authentication SA between two FQDN specified hosts:
add -6 myhost.example.com yourhost.example.com ah 123456
-A hmac-sha1 "AH SA configuration!" ;
Use both ESP and AH between two numerically specified hosts:
add 10.0.11.41 10.0.11.33 esp 0x10001
-E des-cbc 0x3ffe05014819ffff
-A hmac-md5 "authentication!!" ;
Get the SA information assocaited with first example above:
get 3ffe:501:4819::1 3ffe:501:481d::1 ah 123456 ;
Flush all entries from the database:
flush ;
Dump the ESP entries from the database:
dump esp ;
Add a security policy between two networks that uses ESP in tunnel mode:
spdadd 10.0.11.41/32[21] 10.0.11.33/32[any] any
-P out ipsec esp/tunnel/192.168.0.1-192.168.1.2/require ;
Use TCP MD5 between two numerically specified hosts:
add 10.1.10.34 10.1.10.36 tcp 0x1000 -A tcp-md5 "TCP-MD5 BGP secret" ;
| Versions |
|---|
| INtime 4.0 |
The setkey utility should report and handle syntax errors better.
For IPsec gateway configuration, src_range and dst_range with TCP/UDP port number do not work, as the gateway does not reassemble packets (cannot inspect upper-layer headers).
sysctl